The optical mechanical mouse's operation is fairly simple. As you can see in the below illustration, the mouse movement is tracked by four parts. As the mouse is moved, the ball rolls in the direction of the movement which, in turn, moves the roller (X or Y axis). As the roller begins to rotate, so does the chopper / gear. The gear has small notches within it or around the edges of it; as it rotates, light shines through the openings which is then detected by the two light sensors which then sends the computer a signal of that movement. The offset of the light received by the two light sensors determines the direction of each axis.
Within the mouse you will find a total of two rollers and choppers / gears. Each roller represents a X or Y axis which is the Horizontal or Vertical movement of the mouse cursor.
The illustration below shows the disassembly of a standard mouse. As shown you can see that the internal components of a mouse. We have illustrated the general location of four main components within the mouse.
First, you will notice the two Choppers and or Gears; these two represent the axis of where the cursor is located. The chopper furthest to the represents the X axis, which is the vertical axis. The other chopper, which is only partially shown, represents the Y axis, which is the horizontal axis.
Second, you notice the mouse ball. The mouse ball is the main part within the mouse which allows the user to move the mouse which moves the appropriate axis which then moves the mouse cursor on the screen. Without the mouse ball the mouse would be useless.
Third, you notice the four pin Interface Cable Connection, which is where the information is transferred from the mouse to the computer.
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