Because computers can display and deal with text, they offer “communication with human beings—communication that far surpasses the numeric display of the common desktop calculator. This communication is achieved through input/output, or I/O. I/O provides the basis for all the work the computer does.
Computers work by dealing with data. You put data into the computer, and it spits something useful back out, for example:
Word Processing: You input text and manipulate it by using word processing software. The computerr can save the text on disk or print the text to create a document.
Databases: You input the raw data or design a database into which others input data. The computer manipulates the data and either displays or prints the results.
Spreadsheets: You enter the calculations, the values, and the way the values relate. The computer makes the calculations and evaluations, displaying or printing the results for you.
Presentations
How Windows XP Works
You can open given computer application programs with Windows by simply finding the program you want and clicking it in the Programs menu of your ttaskbar, or by double-clicking a shortcut for the program on your desktop. Windows acts as an operating system or what many call system software. It can only allow you to run other programs. Within Windows, programs come attached as a package. For example, you have the Windows Explorer, which allows you to delete, copy, move, or rename files. Windows is set up in what is called the GUI environment, which means the Graphical User Interface environment, making it an interfacce that is much easier to use that the old DOS systems of yesteryear.
The Hardware-to-Software Interface
Windows XP interfaces the computer’s hardware with all the software you use. It’s the go-between, the manager, the traffic cop. To do the job, Windows “talks” with the computer’s hardware on the most basic, simple level. Then it provides easy methods of access to other software applications that want to use the computer, especially the disk drives.
Other software can use the computer’s hardware directly as well; Windows has no monopoly. Bust most of the time other programs use Windows to put files on disk, read files, and deal with the disk drives in general.
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Computers in Surgery
Implementing Computers into surgery is a new and exciting area of study. It has only been in the past 10 years that computers have started to be incorporated with surgery.
In 1989, abstracts of the surgical literature were being distributed on 5.25-inch floppy disks. These abstracts were then used in medical operations and evaluations. Doctors could travel though menus in the abstracts and eventually targeting a solution, procedure, or cause of illnesses. This made the time it takes to flip through pages and pages of medical journals and textbooks less expansive and cumbersome.
Doctors have now gotten to the point where laptops are brought into surgery and are used to aid doctors and nurses. Instead of saying “Nurse, scalpel,” surgeons ask their nurses to find information on the laptops.
Besides holding information, Computers can also be used to manipulate tools and other things in the operating room. Mechanical arms are often used to perform procedures. Sometimes a computer is used to navigate cameras inside of the human body in order to locate tumors and blockages.
Computers are also used to analyze images taken before surgery. Dr. Ninian Peckitt uses software to analyze a CAT scan images in order to understand his patient’s skull. The program in the computer actually directions for making full size replicas of patients heads.
In conclusion, there is a huge advancement being made as far as computer aided surgeries go. From holding information, analyzing problems, delivering solutions, to performing operations, computers are the next step in medical tools.
In 1989, abstracts of the surgical literature were being distributed on 5.25-inch floppy disks. These abstracts were then used in medical operations and evaluations. Doctors could travel though menus in the abstracts and eventually targeting a solution, procedure, or cause of illnesses. This made the time it takes to flip through pages and pages of medical journals and textbooks less expansive and cumbersome.
Doctors have now gotten to the point where laptops are brought into surgery and are used to aid doctors and nurses. Instead of saying “Nurse, scalpel,” surgeons ask their nurses to find information on the laptops.
Besides holding information, Computers can also be used to manipulate tools and other things in the operating room. Mechanical arms are often used to perform procedures. Sometimes a computer is used to navigate cameras inside of the human body in order to locate tumors and blockages.
Computers are also used to analyze images taken before surgery. Dr. Ninian Peckitt uses software to analyze a CAT scan images in order to understand his patient’s skull. The program in the computer actually directions for making full size replicas of patients heads.
In conclusion, there is a huge advancement being made as far as computer aided surgeries go. From holding information, analyzing problems, delivering solutions, to performing operations, computers are the next step in medical tools.
How to Buy a PC ??????
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience what to look for when buying a personal computer.
Central Idea: Computers are sold in a wide variety of configurations and choosing one to fit each individuals needs can be difficult.
Introduction
I. What specific purposes will the individual use the computer for?
A. Computers are not just for business.
B. Seventy percent of U.S. households have computers.
C. Consumers use computers for wide range of uses.
D. Difficulty in choosing a computer to fit both the needs and the budget.
II. Components of the computer to consider when making a purchase.
A. Processors – CPU’s.
B. Memory.
C. Hard Drives.
D. Ports – USB
E. Multimedia. CD, DVD, CD-Rewritable drives, graphics and sound cards.
F. Monitors.
III. The three basic categories that computer users fit into:
Family, Gaming and Multimedia, and Students.
A. Family – basic uses and configurations and prices.
B. Gaming and Multimedia – uses, configurations and prices.
C. Family – uses, configurations and prices.
Conclusion
I. A personal computer purchase should not be an impulse buy.
Do your research. Shop around and compare. With careful
planning and patience you can find the computer to fit your
needs and your budget.
Central Idea: Computers are sold in a wide variety of configurations and choosing one to fit each individuals needs can be difficult.
Introduction
I. What specific purposes will the individual use the computer for?
A. Computers are not just for business.
B. Seventy percent of U.S. households have computers.
C. Consumers use computers for wide range of uses.
D. Difficulty in choosing a computer to fit both the needs and the budget.
II. Components of the computer to consider when making a purchase.
A. Processors – CPU’s.
B. Memory.
C. Hard Drives.
D. Ports – USB
E. Multimedia. CD, DVD, CD-Rewritable drives, graphics and sound cards.
F. Monitors.
III. The three basic categories that computer users fit into:
Family, Gaming and Multimedia, and Students.
A. Family – basic uses and configurations and prices.
B. Gaming and Multimedia – uses, configurations and prices.
C. Family – uses, configurations and prices.
Conclusion
I. A personal computer purchase should not be an impulse buy.
Do your research. Shop around and compare. With careful
planning and patience you can find the computer to fit your
needs and your budget.
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
Computers are a new and exciting part of education and learning. They have changed the how student learn, study, and do assignments. Furthermore they have changed the way teachers teach. Every day in computers innovations are made that will improve how computers can be used by educators and students alike.
The most basic way that computers help students is through word processing. Through word processing programs like Claris Works and Microsoft Word students can access programs to edit, correct spelling errors, and much more. Programs can also be bought that will change writing into the MLA format. It also gives students the ability to be creative and add pictures, highlight, underline, and use different fonts.
In some classrooms the teachers use computers to compound what they teach. Computers can be used as projectors, to run programs, or simply to print out information quickly. Use of the internet is also now part of the modern classroom.
There are many tutorial programs available. They are excellent in helping students hone their skills at home. These programs are for the most part affordable and have a wide range of topics. Many young children start using these even before entering school so that they are more prepared when they enter.
Internet access is arguably the best form of computer innovations. Students and teachers alike can use the internet to do research. Researching on the internet is easy and enables one to access many things that they could not with conventional means. Furthermore teachers and students can use it to communicate or to send papers.
As you can see computers are an excellent tool to help in education and learning. There are no boundaries to what computers can do.
The most basic way that computers help students is through word processing. Through word processing programs like Claris Works and Microsoft Word students can access programs to edit, correct spelling errors, and much more. Programs can also be bought that will change writing into the MLA format. It also gives students the ability to be creative and add pictures, highlight, underline, and use different fonts.
In some classrooms the teachers use computers to compound what they teach. Computers can be used as projectors, to run programs, or simply to print out information quickly. Use of the internet is also now part of the modern classroom.
There are many tutorial programs available. They are excellent in helping students hone their skills at home. These programs are for the most part affordable and have a wide range of topics. Many young children start using these even before entering school so that they are more prepared when they enter.
Internet access is arguably the best form of computer innovations. Students and teachers alike can use the internet to do research. Researching on the internet is easy and enables one to access many things that they could not with conventional means. Furthermore teachers and students can use it to communicate or to send papers.
As you can see computers are an excellent tool to help in education and learning. There are no boundaries to what computers can do.
Mainframes and Supercomputers
The oldest category of computers is the mainframe. Mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage. They are generally stored in specially wired, highly air conditioned rooms. Because they produce large amounts of heat they produce they are water or air-cooled. Mainframes are made of thousands of light bulb like fixtures called vacuum tubes. They are typically the size of a jeep and range in price from $50,000 to $5 million. These machines are primarily used by large companies such as banks, insurance companies, and airlines, that handle millions of transactions. Mainframes were first produced in the 1940's. Some companies are still using the first mainframes produced such as the Univac. The world has invested one trillion dollars in mainframe computers, sixty percent of which were made and sold by IBM. With the invention of the microprocessor and printed circuit boards mainframes are often being replace by smaller networked computers. As time progresses mainframes will be kept for some purposes, networks of smaller computers will grow, and the mainframe will be reinvented.(Hutchinson) The ENIAC was the first mainframe computer produced. It used 18,000 vacuum tubes, and occupied 1,800 square foot of floor space. It used punch cards for input and output.
Supercomputers are the fastest computers every made. They generally range in price from $225,000 to $30 million. They are high capacity machines that require specially air conditioned rooms. Supercomputers are for people who need to model complex, lifelike situations. Supercomputers are used to simulate car crashed and for weather forecasting. The most powerful supercomputer, Janus, built by Intel, enables scientists to simulate the explosion of a nuclear bomb. In 1995 the National Science Foundation and MCI Communications established a 14,000 mile network called the Very-High-Performance Backbone Network Service(VBNS). The VBNS links the five highest concentration of supercomputer, each locations having up to six supercomputers, into "the new internet." A scientist sitting at any machine could have access to any other machine on the network. Presently this network is only used by a very elite group of scientist for extremely complex projects.
Supercomputers are the fastest computers every made. They generally range in price from $225,000 to $30 million. They are high capacity machines that require specially air conditioned rooms. Supercomputers are for people who need to model complex, lifelike situations. Supercomputers are used to simulate car crashed and for weather forecasting. The most powerful supercomputer, Janus, built by Intel, enables scientists to simulate the explosion of a nuclear bomb. In 1995 the National Science Foundation and MCI Communications established a 14,000 mile network called the Very-High-Performance Backbone Network Service(VBNS). The VBNS links the five highest concentration of supercomputer, each locations having up to six supercomputers, into "the new internet." A scientist sitting at any machine could have access to any other machine on the network. Presently this network is only used by a very elite group of scientist for extremely complex projects.
Desktop versus Laptop Computers
Desktop versus Laptop Computers
Computers are becoming the latest trend on the market. With laptops and desktops being sold at low prices, there has been a major debate over which is better. Desktops for instance were used primarily in businesses. As time passed computers were being introduced into homes and schools. With computer prices tumbling down, laptops are becoming the hottest item on the market.
There are many differences in desktops and laptops. One of the major differences is there size. A laptop for instance was made to be portable while a desktop is used to be stationary. A desktop, which is larger than a laptop, has much more room for expandability. Which in turns makes a desktop less obsolete in the future. With the central processing chip being much smaller in size in a laptop, the speed compared to a desktop is a little slower. With all the inner parts being much smaller in a laptop the pricing on the hard ware is much more expensive. With laptop prices falling they are becoming more available to the public. Laptops are being considered the number one choice for business use. With its versatility, power and great pricing it is no wonder that laptop sales are on the rise. To lure consumers to laptops computer companies have developed a docking station for laptops. A docking station is a device that lets consumers plug their laptop into a docking station that resembles a desktop. The reason for this is to reduce the number of peripherals on laptop. Desktop computers on the other hand have the advantage of taking more additional peripherals than laptops. Desktop computers, which can handle much more graphics than laptops, are used for primarily business use. The reason that laptops cannot handle as much graphics power than a desktop is because of its resolution and power.
There are many differences between laptop computers and desktop computers. Both designs have their advantages and disadvantages, but it is important for consumers to know which is right for them. If you do a lot of traveling and need to keep in touch with your computer a laptop is a great resource. But if you do most of your work in a stationary environment a desktop computer would be a better choice.
Computers are becoming the latest trend on the market. With laptops and desktops being sold at low prices, there has been a major debate over which is better. Desktops for instance were used primarily in businesses. As time passed computers were being introduced into homes and schools. With computer prices tumbling down, laptops are becoming the hottest item on the market.
There are many differences in desktops and laptops. One of the major differences is there size. A laptop for instance was made to be portable while a desktop is used to be stationary. A desktop, which is larger than a laptop, has much more room for expandability. Which in turns makes a desktop less obsolete in the future. With the central processing chip being much smaller in size in a laptop, the speed compared to a desktop is a little slower. With all the inner parts being much smaller in a laptop the pricing on the hard ware is much more expensive. With laptop prices falling they are becoming more available to the public. Laptops are being considered the number one choice for business use. With its versatility, power and great pricing it is no wonder that laptop sales are on the rise. To lure consumers to laptops computer companies have developed a docking station for laptops. A docking station is a device that lets consumers plug their laptop into a docking station that resembles a desktop. The reason for this is to reduce the number of peripherals on laptop. Desktop computers on the other hand have the advantage of taking more additional peripherals than laptops. Desktop computers, which can handle much more graphics than laptops, are used for primarily business use. The reason that laptops cannot handle as much graphics power than a desktop is because of its resolution and power.
There are many differences between laptop computers and desktop computers. Both designs have their advantages and disadvantages, but it is important for consumers to know which is right for them. If you do a lot of traveling and need to keep in touch with your computer a laptop is a great resource. But if you do most of your work in a stationary environment a desktop computer would be a better choice.
uses
Computers are helpful because they offer a wide range of functions and services that are not available anywhere else. There are four main uses: word processing, internet/communications, digital video/audio composition, and desktop publishing. Although one can create a typed paper with a typewriter, the computer has more features
to do it with. Internet and communications, digital video and audio composition, and desktop publishing are all features that are only offered on computers. With these tools human society has progressed exponentially.
The word processing capabilities of computers are amazing. They can automatically correct your spelling and grammar mistakes. The cutting and pasting features are incredibly simple and very useful for revision. Plus it is easier to read a word-processed document than one written by hand. Having a digital backup is an added benefit. All of these things help writers get the job done. If you want to add pictures to your writing, numerous software titles are available for desktop publishing. With desktop publishing, you can create page layouts for entire books on your home computer. For example, high school yearbook classes now use desktop publishing software for the creation and design
of their yearbooks. Most of this cannot be done by hand, and if so, then it is painstakingly laborious.
The Internet is one of the greatest inventions of humanity. It is a massive network of computers, each with the ability to access any of the others. Ungodly amounts of information can be found on the Internet. It is the ultimate form of media, a combination of newspaper, radio, and as the average bandwidth is increasing, television. Using
the Internet, any two people anywhere can communicate for free, whether it is with text or voice. Video conferencing tools are becoming readily available to the public. New uses are being found for the Internet every day.
Audio/video editing and composition have been made much easier by computers. Cutting and pasting is no longer comprised of using scissors and tape on large reels of film. It no longer costs thousands of dollars of equipment to make a film or to compose music. Now emerging musicians have the ability to compose their own songs and publish them without having to obtain a record contract. Amateur filmmakers can produce work from their own homes. Graphics engineers can use computers to create three-dimensional models, or even to generate short or full-length films. Anybody who owns a computer can now enter the field of media production.
Computers have so many uses that cannot be found anywhere else. Word processors are the perfect writing device because you can compose quickly and make changes easily. The Internet provides a fast, free, and unique way to get information or to communicate with others. Computers supply an affordable solution to nonprofessional audio and video composition. These reasons are why computers are so helpful in modern society. With the aid of computers, humankind is entering a new era of enlightenment.
to do it with. Internet and communications, digital video and audio composition, and desktop publishing are all features that are only offered on computers. With these tools human society has progressed exponentially.
The word processing capabilities of computers are amazing. They can automatically correct your spelling and grammar mistakes. The cutting and pasting features are incredibly simple and very useful for revision. Plus it is easier to read a word-processed document than one written by hand. Having a digital backup is an added benefit. All of these things help writers get the job done. If you want to add pictures to your writing, numerous software titles are available for desktop publishing. With desktop publishing, you can create page layouts for entire books on your home computer. For example, high school yearbook classes now use desktop publishing software for the creation and design
of their yearbooks. Most of this cannot be done by hand, and if so, then it is painstakingly laborious.
The Internet is one of the greatest inventions of humanity. It is a massive network of computers, each with the ability to access any of the others. Ungodly amounts of information can be found on the Internet. It is the ultimate form of media, a combination of newspaper, radio, and as the average bandwidth is increasing, television. Using
the Internet, any two people anywhere can communicate for free, whether it is with text or voice. Video conferencing tools are becoming readily available to the public. New uses are being found for the Internet every day.
Audio/video editing and composition have been made much easier by computers. Cutting and pasting is no longer comprised of using scissors and tape on large reels of film. It no longer costs thousands of dollars of equipment to make a film or to compose music. Now emerging musicians have the ability to compose their own songs and publish them without having to obtain a record contract. Amateur filmmakers can produce work from their own homes. Graphics engineers can use computers to create three-dimensional models, or even to generate short or full-length films. Anybody who owns a computer can now enter the field of media production.
Computers have so many uses that cannot be found anywhere else. Word processors are the perfect writing device because you can compose quickly and make changes easily. The Internet provides a fast, free, and unique way to get information or to communicate with others. Computers supply an affordable solution to nonprofessional audio and video composition. These reasons are why computers are so helpful in modern society. With the aid of computers, humankind is entering a new era of enlightenment.
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